Dodecyl sulfate, Na-salt
Na-dodecyl sulfate (SDS) belongs to the most powerful solubilizers for integral membrane proteins.
SDS has the advantage of avoiding aggregation but mostly it causes denaturation of the membrane proteins. Some of the SDS-solubilized membrane proteins which are in a denatured state, e.g. a 5´-nucleotidase or a neuraminidase, have been successfully renatured.
Na-dodecyl sulfate is a potent fibrinolytic surfactant.
SDS is of importance in the isolation of DNA without phenol extraction. It has also proved to be of value for the separation of virus proteins and double-stranded RNAs; an SDS-KCl precipitation allows a quick and selective separation by a single step.
Several protein assays may be improved by modification with Na-dodecyl sulfate.
Na-dodecyl sulfate is used preferently in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins and peptides and is often applied to optimize chromatographic separations.
Synonyms: SDS, sodium lauryl sulfate
CAS registry number: [151-21-3]
Molecular formula: C12H25O4S . Na
Relative molecular mass (Mr): 288.4
Classification: Anionic surfactant
Literature specifications:
• Critical micellar concentration (CMC): 8.1 mM
• Aggregation number (Na): 60 - 62
• Krafft point (TK): 9 °C
• Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB): 40
Bibliography
Characterization and Determination of Enzymes
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Henderson, L.M., Chappell, J.B. a. Jones, O. T.G. (1989) Superoxide generation is inhibited by phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Role for phospholipase A2 in the activation of the NADPH oxidase. Biochem. J. 264, 249-55.
Ishida, K., Takeshige, K., Takasugi, S. a. Minakami, S. (1989) GTP-dependent and -in-dependent activation of superoxide producing NADPH oxidase in a neutrophil cell-free system. FEBS Lett. 243, 169-72.
Sha'ag, D. (1989) Sodium dodecyl sulfate dependent NADPH-oxidation: an alternative method for assaying NADPH-oxidase in a cell-free system. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 19, 121-8.
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Solubilization and Characterization of Photosystems/Photosynthesis Pigments
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Solubilization and Characterization of Various Proteins/Protein Complexes
Hjerten, S., Sparrman, M. a. Liao, J. (1988) Purification of membrane proteins in SDS and subsequent renaturation. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 939, 476-84.
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Bosserhoff, A., Wallach, J. a. Frank, R.W. (1989) Micropreparative separation of peptides de-rived from sodium dodecyl sulfate-solubilized proteins. J. Chromatogr. 473, 71-7.
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Protein Assays
Orsonneau, J.L., Douet, P., Massoubre, C., Lustenberger, P. a. Bernard, S. (1989) An im-proved pyrogallol red-molybdate method for determining total urinary protein. Clin. Chem. 35, 2233-6.
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DNA Preparation/DNA Assays
Csaikl, U. a. Csaikl, F. (1988) Speeding-up mitochondrial DNA preparation by a modified alkaline SDS method. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 17, 203-5.
Lipman, J.M. (1989) Fluorophotometric quantitation of DNA in articular cartilage utilizing Hoechst 33258. Anal. Biochem. 176, 128-31.
Morel, J., Groult, R., Cerutti, P. a. Gagnepain, J. Y. (1989) Extraction of pure high-molecularweight DNA. Fr. Demande FR 2,628,440.
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Van Huynh, N., De Backer, O., Decleire, M. a. Colson, C. (1989) A procedure for the preparation of bacterial DNA that employs dimethyl sulfoxide to induce the lysis of cells. Anal. Biochem. 176, 464-7.
Immunological Determination Procedures
Smith, C.F., Musich, P.R. a. Johnson, D.A. (1989) Sodium dodecyl sulfate enhancement of quantitative immunoenzyme dot-blot assays on nitrocellulose. Anal. Biochem. 177, 212-9.
Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Separations
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Dolnik, V., Liu, J., Banks, F. Jr., Novotny, M.V. a. Bocek, P. (1989) Capillary zone electrophoresis of oligonucleotides. Factors affecting separation. J. Chromatogr. 480, 321-30.
Haginaka, J., Wakai, J. a. Yamuda, H. (1989) Direct serum injection in micellar liquid chromatography. Recovery of serum proteins and assays of hydrophilic drugs. J. Chromatogr. 488, 341-8.
Liu, J., Banks, J.F. Jr. a. Novotny, M. (1989) High-speed micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography of the common phosphorylated nucleosides. J. Microcolumn Sep. 1,136-41.
Oshima, T., Sagara, K., Tong, Y., Zhang, G. a. Chen, Y. (1989) Application of ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography for analysis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in solanaceous crude drugs. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37, 2456-8.
Scher, M.G., Resneck, W.G. a. Bloch, R.J. (1989) Stabilization of immobilized lectin columns by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Anal. Biochem. 177, 168-71.
Wallingford, R.A. a. Ewing, A.G. (1989) Separation of serotonin from catechols by capillary zone electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Anal. Chem. 61, 98-100.
Kawasaki, H. a. Suzuki, K. (1990) Separation of peptides dissolved in a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: removal of sodium dodecyl sulfate from peptides using an ion-exchange precolumn. Anal. Biochem. 186, 264-8.
Warlow, R.S. a. Bernard, C.C.A. (1990) Improved detection of lymphocyte membrane proteins in purified form and as a crude mixture using native and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by optimization of Coomassie Brilliant Blue and silver staining. Electrophoresis 11, 53-60.
Dover, L.G. a. Ratledge, C. (1996) Identification of a 29 kDa protein in the envelope of Mycobacterium smegmatis as a putative ferri-exochelin receptor. Microbiology 142, 1521-30
Churchward, M.A. et al. (2005) Enhanced detergent extraction for analysis of membrane proteomes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Proteome Sci. 3:5.
Liu, R. et al. (2009) Characterization of fluorescent sterol binding to purified human NPC1. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 1840-52.
Further Applications
Li, J.K.K., Johnson, T., Yang, Y. Y. a. Shore, V. (1989) Selective separation of virus proteins and double-stranded RNAs by SDS-potassium chloride precipitation. J. Virol. Methods 26, 3-15.
Neu, T.R. (1996) Significance of bacterial surface-active compounds in interaction of bacteria with interfaces. Microbiol. Reviews (American Society for Microbiology), 151-166
Piret, J. et al. (2002) Comparative study of mechanisms of Herpes simplex virus inactivation by sodium lauryl sulfate and N-lauroylsarcosine. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 2933-42.
Owoyomi, O. et al. (2005) Interaction between sodium dodecylsulphate and Triton X-100: Molecular properties and kinetics investigations. J. Applied Sciences 5, 729-34.
